Kejadian 14:17

14:17 After Abram ¹  returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram ²  in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley). ³ 

Kejadian 19:14

19:14 Then Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law who were going to marry his daughters. ⁴  He said, “Quick, get out of this place because the Lord is about to destroy ⁵  the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was ridiculing them. ⁶ 

Kejadian 41:45

41:45 Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah. ⁷  He also gave him Asenath ⁸  daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, ⁹  to be his wife. So Joseph took charge of ¹⁰  all the land of Egypt.

Kejadian 42:28

42:28 He said to his brothers, “My money was returned! Here it is in my sack!” They were dismayed; ¹¹  they turned trembling one to another ¹²  and said, “What in the world has God done to us?” ¹³ 

[14:17]  ¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:17]  ² tn Heb “him”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:17]  ³ sn The King’s Valley is possibly a reference to what came to be known later as the Kidron Valley.

[19:14]  ⁴ sn The language has to be interpreted in the light of the context and the social customs. The men are called “sons-in-law” (literally “the takers of his daughters”), but the daughters had not yet had sex with a man. It is better to translate the phrase “who were going to marry his daughters.” Since formal marriage contracts were binding, the husbands-to-be could already be called sons-in-law.

[19:14]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew active participle expresses an imminent action.

[19:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “and he was like one taunting in the eyes of his sons-in-law.” These men mistakenly thought Lot was ridiculing them and their lifestyle. Their response illustrates how morally insensitive they had become.

[41:45]  ⁷ sn The meaning of Joseph’s Egyptian name, Zaphenath-Paneah, is uncertain. Many recent commentators have followed the proposal of G. Steindorff that it means “the god has said, ‘he will live’” (“Der Name Josephs Saphenat-Pa‘neach,” ZÄS 31 [1889]: 41-42); others have suggested “the god speaks and lives” (see BDB 861 s.v. צָפְנָת פַּעְנֵחַ); “the man he knows” (J. Vergote, Joseph en Égypte, 145); or “Joseph [who is called] áIp-àankh” (K. A. Kitchen, NBD³ 1262).

[41:45]  ⁸ sn The name Asenath may mean “she belongs to the goddess Neit” (see HALOT 74 s.v. אָֽסְנַת). A novel was written at the beginning of the first century entitled Joseph and Asenath, which included a legendary account of the conversion of Asenath to Joseph’s faith in Yahweh. However, all that can be determined from this chapter is that their children received Hebrew names. See also V. Aptowitzer, “Asenath, the Wife of Joseph – a Haggadic Literary-Historical Study,” HUCA 1 (1924): 239-306.

[41:45]  ⁹ sn On (also in v. 50) is another name for the city of Heliopolis.

[41:45]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and he passed through.”

[42:28]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and their heart went out.” Since this expression is used only here, the exact meaning is unclear. The following statement suggests that it may refer to a sudden loss of emotional strength, so “They were dismayed” adequately conveys the meaning (cf. NRSV); NIV has “Their hearts sank.”

[42:28]  ¹² tn Heb “and they trembled, a man to his neighbor.”

[42:28]  ¹³ tn Heb “What is this God has done to us?” The demonstrative pronoun (“this”) adds emphasis to the question.